Reference no: EM132624781
Epidemiology - University of Vermont
Question 1:
You have been awarded a grant to study the incidence of prostate cancer among 4,500 men in Des Moines, IA. Initial testing determines that 7% of these men already have prostate cancer and are therefore not at risk of developing the disease. We follow the remaining men for five years and observe 156 new cases of prostate cancer develop during this time.
What is the five-year incidence rate of prostate cancer in this population? Express your answer per 1000 men.
Question 2:
You have now been granted access to the yearly data for the study in Question 1. We find that:
• 38 prostate cancer cases were confirmed at the end of year 1.
• 17 additional cases were confirmed and 5 men had withdrawn from the study at the end of year 2.
• 52 additional cases were confirmed at the end of year 3.
• 19 additional cases were confirmed and 10 men had withdrawn from the study at the end of year 4.
• 30 additional cases were confirmed and 5 men had withdrawn from the study at the end of year 5.
What is the incidence rate of prostate cancer in this population, expressed in terms of 1000 person-years?
Question 3:
In the mid-80s, mammographic screening for breast cancer became widely adopted in the US. At the same time, the incidence of breast cancer increased dramatically. Is it likely that the true amount of breast cancer increased among US women? In 1-3 sentences, explain why or why not.
Question 4:
You are investigating mortality from blood cancers among young adults in two very different populations. You observe the following mortality data within the three age-groups of young adults:
Population X
|
Age group
|
Population
|
Number of deaths
from blood cancers
|
|
15 - 19 years
|
1,000
|
24
|
|
20 - 24 years
|
4,000
|
16
|
|
25 - 29 years
|
6,000
|
121
|
|
All ages
|
11,000
|
161
|
Population Y
|
Age group
|
Population
|
Number of deaths
from blood cancers
|
|
15 - 19 years
|
5,000
|
120
|
|
20 - 24 years
|
2,000
|
10
|
|
25 - 29 years
|
500
|
10
|
|
All ages
|
7,500
|
140
|
a) Calculate the crude mortality rate from blood cancers in each population.
b) Calculate an age-adjusted mortality rate in each population. Use the combined population of Population X + Population Y as your standard population.
c) In 1-3 sentences, briefly describe how the crude and age-adjusted rates compare between the two populations.
|
What will be the bailout period for the new machine
: The new machine's salvage value is P20,000 in years 1 and 2 and P15,000 in years 3 and 4. What will be the bailout period for this new machine?
|
|
What are the various methods of accounting for overhead
: What are the various methods of accounting for overhead allocation in a manufacturing organization and what are the challenges in determining
|
|
Estimate the behavior of the maintenance costs
: Using the high-low method of cost estimation, estimate the behavior of the maintenance costs incurred by Nation's Capital Fitness, Inc.
|
|
What is nature of god covenant with israel
: What is the nature of God's covenant with Israel? Reflect on the development of God's covenant beginning in Genesis,
|
|
Calculate the crude mortality rate from blood cancers
: Calculate the crude mortality rate from blood cancers in each population and Calculate an age-adjusted mortality rate in each population
|
|
Find how much incremental manufacturing cost would
: Dozier Company, If Dozier had produced 1,001 units instead of 1,000 units, how much incremental manufacturing cost have incurred to make the additional unit?
|
|
Product of human thought that is independent of experience
: "How is it possible that mathematics, a product of human thought that is independent of experience, fits so excellently the objects of reality?"
|
|
What is hegemonic culture investments
: What is hegemonic culture's investments in the political economy of sexuality?
|
|
Create a voice over presentation using screen cast-o-matic
: The Board of Directors and CEO of your organization is interested in the business value gained from adopting Cloud computing. You have just received your.
|