Calculate exposure to methylmercury and inorganic arsenic

Reference no: EM133191365 , Length: Word count: 2 Pages

Assignment Problem: You are a scientist working with the FDA, and you need to calculate potential exposure to methylmercury and inorganic arsenic through ingestion of rice baby cereals, purchased in the U.S. You have data from rice baby cereals, and cereals containing oats or wheat (controls).

References:

Rothenberg et al., 2017, Co-exposure to methylmercury and inorganic arsenic in baby rice cereals and rice-containing teething biscuits. Environmental Research.

Question 1: In rice baby cereals, and cereals containing oats or wheat, provide a 5-number summary of the following (min, max, mean, sd, median)(10 points):

a) total mercury

b) methylmercury

c) total arsenic

d) inorganic arsenic

Question 2: Make4 box plots comparing a-d (from #1) in rice baby cereals and oat/wheat cereals (similar to Figure 1ab and Figure 3ab).

Question 3: Use the appropriate statistical test to compare rice baby cereals, and cereals containing oats/wheat:

a) total mercury

b) methylmercury

c) total arsenic

d) inorganic arsenic

Question 4: Repeat #1, comparing brands of rice baby cereal for a-d (from #1). Make box plots for a-d, similar to Figure 2.Summarize your results.

Question 5: Describe the precision and accuracy of the data (Table 2). Accuracy refers to the closeness of a measured value to a standard or known value (e.g., NIST 1568b). For most metals, accuracy should be 80-120%. Precision refers to the closeness of two or more measurements to each other. I often use the relative standard deviation (RSD) between replicate samples (RSD = 100 x sd/mean). RSD should average <20%.

Question 6: For this question, you will need to use the equation at the beginning of the HW. Using the serving size for rice baby cereals and baby's median weight(both given in the manuscript), estimate exposure to methylmercury and inorganic arsenic for a 4 month-old infant,and 12 month old infant. Include the 5-number summary. Make box plots comparing 4-month and 12-month old babies.

Question 7: For rice baby cereals, how do the inorganic arsenic concentrations (ng/g) compare with the U.S. FDA action level? How do the methylmercury concentrations (ng/g) compare with the maximum acceptable methylmercury level in fish? (this information is in the manuscript)

Question 8: If you were a parent, would you feed your infant baby rice cereal? If you were a pediatrician, would you recommend rice baby cereals to parents? Why or why not?

Question 9: Using Figure 1 from Lioy and Smith (2013), define the sources, exposures, and outcomes.

Please also turn in your r-code.

Attachment:- Co-exposure to methylmercury and inorganic.rar

Reference no: EM133191365

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