Building upon the foundations laid in earlier centuries

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Question: Building upon the foundations laid in earlier centuries, the pronouncements made by Gregory VII during the Investiture controversy served as a crucial step in the development of the concept of papal power within the Church and in lay (secular) society. It would not be until the reign of Pope Innocent III, however, that these ideas would reach full fruition. By the pontificate of Boniface VIII the growing power of the papacy was being openly criticized by both those within the Church and in secular society. Papal claims of secular authority were finally crushed by Philip IV of France while the growth of popular religion combined with the Babylonian Captivity served to increase challenges to papal authority within the Roman Catholic Church.

Reference no: EM133637384

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