Reference no: EM133297420
1. Capacitors and batteries are similar because...
A) They can both generate voltage.
B) They both deplete their voltage as they move charges through an electrical circuit.
C) They both consist of a thin insulator separating two conductive plates.
D) They both have the ability to drive charges/current through a resistor.
E) Answers A and B are true.
2. Which of the following statements are not true about marker genes.
A) ???Marker genes are uniquely expressed in a subset of neurons.
B) Marker genes can be used to label and identify neurons.
C) ???Marker genes can be detected at the messenger RNA level (in situ hybridization) or at the protein level (immunolabeling).
D) ???Marker genes are fluorescent proteins that can be used to label live neurons.
E) ???Immunolabeling is advantageous over in situ hybridization because it provides information about where a protein is localized in the neuron.
3. Which of the following statements is not true:
A) ???Fluorescent dyes such as Lucifer yellow can be used to label live neurons.
B) ???Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a jellyfish protein that can be expressed in live neurons to label them.
C) ???Transport of a fluorescent tracer dye injected into a neuron's soma to another cell via gap junctions is termed retrograde transport.
D) ???Transport of a fluorescent tracer dye injected into a neuron's soma to its axon terminals is termed anterograde transport.
E) ???Fluorescent dyes can be conjugated to toxins or antibodies for labelling sub-cellar structures in neurons.
4. Which of the following statements are true about serial electron microscopy 3-D reconstruction for mapping neuronal connectivity?
A) ???Involves taking serial sections of fixed neural tissues, and imaging each section using scanning or transmission electron microscopy (i.e. SEM or TEM).
B) ???A contemporary approach for 3-D reconstruction of sequential SEM or TEM images is using computer algorithms that delineate different cells from each other using cell membranes as boundaries.
C) ???Gives ultra high magnification/resolution of neuronal morphology and synaptic connectivity.
D) ???Was done for the entire nematode worm C.elegans, revealing the full connectome of its 302 neurons.
E) ???all of the above.
F) ???Answers A, B and C.
5. The Brainbow technique is advantageous over the Golgi stain because...
A) It labels neurons differently via combinatorial expression of various fluorescent proteins, instead of the single opaque "black" color of the Golgi stain.
B) ???It can label live neurons whereas the Golgi stain cannot.
C) ???It can be used to trace neuronal connectivity at ultra high magnification/resolution.
D) ???Overlapping neurons are more easily distinguished from each other due to a difference in combinatorial fluorescent protein expression, whereas overlapping neurons stained with the Golgi technique cannot be distinguished.
E) ???All of the above.
F) ???Answers A, B and D.
6. Recording electrical signals in neurons can be achieved using...
A) ???Sharp electrodes that impale neurons and measure electrical activity across the cell membrane.
B) ???Extracellular electrodes that measure electrical activity on the outside surfaces of neurons.
C) ???Whole-cell patch electrodes that form tight seals with the membrane and provide a wide access path for the electrode into the cell. Can be used for recording electrical signals across the cell membrane.
D) ???Optical recording of electrical signals via calcium indicators (e.g. GCaMP) or voltage sensitive dyes.
E) ???All of the above.
7. A capacitor...
A) ???Consists of two conductive plates in close proximity to each other but separated by an insulator.
B) ???Placed in series with a battery and a resistor forms part of an RC circuit.
C) ???Keeps its voltage constant as it is charged or discharged.
D) Will keep a constant voltage when in an open circuit (i.e. a circuit that contains an open switch preventing current flow).
E) ???All of the above.
F) ???Answers A, B, and D.
8. Which of the following statements is not true about voltage:
A) ???Voltage is a difference in electrical potential energy between two points.
B) ???Voltage has the capacity to do work, by "pushing" charges through a conductor.
C) ???Voltage can be described by Ohm's law.
D) ???Voltage is consumed as it "pushes" charges through a resistor.
E) ???Voltage is generated when a capacitor loads charges onto a battery.