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Case study on bone tissue structure and repair <br/>Mrs. Debbie Morgan is a 45-year-old female who works as a stocking clerk for a local home improvement store. While she was at work today a large box of metal rivets fell from a 20-ft.-high overhead shelf, striking her outstretched arm and knocking her to the ground. The ambulance personnel reported that she had lost quite a bit of blood at the accident scene and was "knocked out" when they arrived. To minimize further hemorrhage, the paramedics applied a pressure bandage to her arm. <br/> <br/>You meet the paramedics as they bring Mrs. Morgan into the emergency room and begin to assess her for injuries. She is awake and alert, but complaining of severe left arm and back pain, plus she has a "killer headache." To fully examine her injuries you remove four blood-soaked bandages from her arm. You notice a large open wound on her arm with what appears to be bone tissue sticking out of the skin. She also has bruises covering her left shoulder, left wrist, and lower back. To determine the extent of her injuries Mrs. Morgan undergoes several x-rays, which reveal the following: <br/> <br/>a) fracture of the left humerus at the proximal diaphysis, <br/> <br/>b) depressed fracture of the occipital bone, <br/> <br/>c) fracture of the 3rd lumbarvertebral body. <br/> <br/>Short Answer Questions: <br/> <br/>1. One way bones are classified is by their shape. How would you classify the bones fractured by Mrs. Morgan? <br/> <br/>2. The body of Mrs. Morgan''s vertebra is fractured. What type of bone tissue makes up the majority of the vertebral body? Describe the structure and function of this type of bone. <br/> <br/>3. The diaphysis of Mrs. Morgan''s humerus is fractured. What type of bone makes up the majority of the diaphysis of long bones like the humerus? Describe the layers of bone tissue found here. <br/> <br/>4. Most connective tissue, including bone, is highly vascular. Which anatomical structures in Mrs. Morgan''s compact bone house blood vessels? What sign or symptom in Mrs. Morgan''s case is directly related to disruption of these structures by her bone fractures? How is the sign or symptom related to these anatomical structures? <br/> <br/>5. Within days after a fracture, a "soft callus" of fibrocartilage forms. What fibers are found in this type of cartilage? Identify the cells required for fibrocartilaginous callus formation and list their functions. <br/> <br/>6. As a fracture is repaired, new bone is added to the injury site. What term is used to describe the addition of new bone tissue? Identify which bone cell is responsible for this process and explain how it occurs. <br/> <br/>7. In the final stage of bone repair, some of the osseous tissue must be broken down and removed. What term is used to define the breaking down of osseous tissue? Which bone cell would be best suited for this task? <br/> <br/>8. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone is considered to be a composite material made up of organic and inorganic matter. What makes up the organic and inorganic portions of the matrix? Describe the cellular mechanism involved in breaking down this matrix; include the bone cell required for the process. <br/>
You made and viewed a capsule staining of K. pneumonia, and decide you do not want to keep the slide. Where would you place it once you have made your observation? Why?
Curare, a poison extracted from a South American shrub, blocks the binding of Ach by muscle cells. What do you suppose would happen to your muscles, including the ones involved in breathing, if a toxic dose of curare entered your bloodstream?
Compound with amino groupConsider two small, identical, organic molecules in the cytoplasm of a cell, one with a hydroxyl group (-OH) and the other with an amino group (-NH2).
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The correct folding of proteins is necessary to maintain healthy cells and tissues. Unfolded proteins are responsible for such neurodegenerative disorders as Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Creutzfeld-Jacob disease.
describe how fossils can be used as a line of evidence for evolution. In your answer, please include a basic definition for fossil, strata, describe how radiometric dating is done,and specifically how this can be used as a line of evidence for evo..
red-green color blindness is an x-linked recessive trait in humans whereas polydactyly is an autosomal dominant trait.
Which of these is an example of temporal isolation?
q1. the emergency room physician decided to intubate place a tube into the trachea the patient even though he was alert
An individual weighing 130 lbs has run a mile in 3:43. calculate his average mph, kcal/min, the origin of the calories expended, and explain the energy system he must rely upon for ATP re-synthesis
The enzyme papain is a thiol protease, using a mechanism similar to the mechanism used by chymotrypsin, except that there is an active site Cys in papain carrying out the catalytic role played by the active site Ser of chymotrypsin.
What would happen to respiration if we add a buffer or base to the external environment of the bacteria? (assume bacteria is in a closed environment like a tube) How would this affect the mechanism of respiration?
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