Reference no: EM132621447 , Length: word count:400

BIO 240 Online Clinical Cases Assignment -

CLINICAL CASE 1 - FEEDBACK MECHANISM

Be able to describe the Negative feedback mechanism in Controlling of Body Temperature.

1. Describe the mechanism of Homeostasis in this case;

2. Identify the stimulus, the sensor (receptors, which respond to this stimulus), the control center, and the effector organ for Temperature loop level regulation

What is the normal set point for our body temperature?

What is the stimulus of this control loop?

What is the sensor (receptors)?

What is the control center?

What is the effector?

3. Describe how the loop works for cooling down

4. Describe how the loop works for heating up.

5. Is this mechanism beneficial or harmful?

6. Is the process self-terminated or not? Explain.

7. Explain the hormones involved in this process and how the equilibrium is maintained?

CLINICAL CASE 2 - POSITIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM

Case: A woman is in labor. Positive Feedback Mechanism

The size of the fetus combined with the contractions of the uterine muscular layer stretches the uterine wall, stimulating stretch receptors in the cervix. Signals from these receptors are conducted through nerves to the hypothalamus/posterior pituitary. The hypothalamus/posterior pituitary releases oxytocin. The oxytocin travels through the blood and stimulates the smooth muscle layer of the uterus. Oxytocin has two effects on the uterine smooth muscle:

1. It directly stimulates the smooth muscle to contract more frequently and more forcefully.

2. It causes the uterine wall to release prostaglandins, which increase the frequency and force of the contractions even more.

These effects push the fetus more forcefully into the cervix, stimulating the stretch receptors further. The receptors send additional impulses to the hypothalamus/posterior pituitary. The increased activation of the hypothalamus/posterior pituitary stimulates release of additional oxytocin, which further stimulates the uterus. This cycle of activation continues until the fetus is expelled from the uterus.

1. What is the stimulus of this control loop?

2. What is the sensor (receptors)?

3. What is the control center?

4. What is the effector?

5. This is an example of ___ (positive / negative) feedback. How could you tell?

6. Is this mechanism beneficial or harmful?

7. Is the process self-terminated or not? Explain.

8. Why this type of mechanism is rarely beneficial in our body? Why does this make sense?

Note - Need 400 words for each + title page + references with in-text citations. Need both done in a separate file.