Benefits of participating in the mutualism exceed the costs

Reference no: EM133651203

Assignment:

Mutualisms evolve when the benefits of participating in the mutualism exceed the costs. For plants engaging in mutualisms with protective ants or with pollinators, these costs are typically energetic, for example, producing nectar in flowers or in extra-floral nectaries. Under what general conditions would a mutant aspen sunflower, lacking extrafloral nectaries, increase in frequency in a population and displace the typical plants that produce extrafloral nectaries?

Reference no: EM133651203

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