Analyse static and fluid flow systems

Assignment Help Mechanical Engineering

Reference no: EM133006754

Dimensional Analysis & Hydraulic Machines

Learning Outcome 1: Personal & Transferable Skills

1 Demonstrate numerical skills in the calculation of static and dynamic fluid systems.

Research, Knowledge & Cognitive Skills

2 Describe and explain the principles and application of hydraulic machines.

3 Analyse static and fluid flow systems.

Professional Skills

4 Apply the theory of viscosity in fluids to engineering situations.

Question 1 A horizontal pipe is filled with liquid. When the liquid is stationary, its head H metres depends on the pressure p of the liquid, its density ρ and gravitational acceleration g. Determine the nature of the relationship of these variables.

Question 2 (a) Water (density 1000 kg m-3) is maintained at a gauge pressure of 4.5 MPa in a horizontal pipe of diameter 120 mm. It is passed through a nozzle of diameter 16 mm which discharges a horizontal jet into the atmosphere. If the frictional losses reduce the theoretical discharge velocity by 7% in this process, calculate the actual velocity of the jet and its flowrate in kgs-1.

(b) This jet strikes an upward curved vane moving at 20 ms-1 in a horizontal direction away from the jet, which deflects the water through an angle of 115º. The impact is shockless. Calculate:

(i) the magnitude and direction of the velocity of the fluid leaving the vane;

(ii) the thrust on the vane in a horizontal direction;

(iii) the thrust on the vane in a vertical direction;

(iv) the power generated by the impact in the horizontal direction.

Question 3 (a) Distinguish, with the aid of simple sketches where appropriate, between the construction, operation and applications of the Pelton wheel, Francis turbine and Kaplan turbine.

(b) In a Francis turbine, the supply head H is 25 m of water (density 1000 kgm-3). The discharge rate to atmosphere is 700 kgs-1. The external radius of the runner R1 is 0.48 m and the internal radius R2 is
0.22 m. The runner blades are radial at inlet and rotate at 320 revs per min. The blades occupy 6% of the circumferential area and are shaped to ensure that the radial velocity u1R is kept constant and equal to
0.2√2gh . If the shaft power is 75% of the water power, determine the:

(i) guide vane angle;

(ii) blade exit angle;

(iii) water power;

(iv) diagram power;

(v) shaft power;

(vi) height of runner blade at inlet and outlet.

Question 4 A centrifugal pump has the following pressure - capacity characteristics:

It is planned to use this for a process having the following system characteristic:

(a) Determine the operating point for this pump with this system.

(b) The actual flowrate required by the process is 75 m3h-1. If the overall efficiency of the pump at this flowrate is 70%, determine the power consumed when the liquid being pumped has a density of 1250 kgm-3.

For the same flowrate (75 m3h-1), this pump has an overall efficiency of 75%.

(i) Determine the power used by this pump at a flowrate of 75 m3h-1.

(ii) Would it be a better choice? Give reasons for your answer.

(iii) What other factors should be considered before a final choice is made?

Question 5 A process requires the precise control of the flow of a fluid to a reactor operating at 100 bar pressure (1 bar = 100 kPa). The flowrate may need to change to match the required reactor output. The flow should be relatively non-pulsating.

(a) Suggest a suitable pump for this duty. Give reasons for your choice.

(b) Describe, with the aid of a suitable diagram, the construction and operation of your chosen pump.

Question 6 It is proposed to pump 1600 m3 of a liquid (density 1100 kgm-3) each day through a total head of 12 m (including all losses) by using either a centrifugal or a reciprocating pump.

The centrifugal pump has a discharge rate of 1.8 m3min-1 when driven by an electric motor supplying a power of 4.75 kW.

The reciprocating pump discharges 2.0 m3min-1 when driven by an electric motor supplying 5 kW.

(a) Calculate the efficiency of each pump.

(b) If electricity costs 16p per kWh, select the most economical pump and determine the cost saving over 100 days of operation.

Reference no: EM133006754

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