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Describe the journey of a hypothetical enveloped (-) RNA virus through three basic host barriers to infection: Physical b arriers, Innate immune response and adaptive immune response. After overcoming physical barriers, how are viruses recognized at each step, what cells are involved, what soluble factors are involved, which adaptive immune effector cells recognize F and N viral proteins and how is the virus eliminated at each step? For simplicity, let's assume the only the Fusion Protein (F) and Nucleoprotein (N) are recognized by the adaptive immune response (500 words max).Part BAlmost all viruses have to produce viral proteins that aid evasion of the host immune response. For each of the viral proteins listed below, explain why the activity described would enable the virus to avoid immune response. What aspect of the immune response does the protein inhibit (intrinisic, innate or adaptive) Limit response to 4-5 sentence/protein.a) In addition, to facilitating transcription of viral genes, the P protein also inhibits the TAP1 transporter located in the membrane of the ER membrane.b) In addition to coating the viral RNA, the N protein inhibits the host enzyme PKR.c) Matrix protein M bines to the host myd88 protein and inhibits its ability to transduce signals in the cell.
How the pituitary gland work with other organs. Hormones produced by the pituitary acts as a chemical messenger, the targets are other endocrine glands and cells, than it tells the body when to release hormones, so the body stays in homeostasis. e..
Discuss Darwin's view of how natural selection resulted in both unity and diversity of life on earth. Include some of Darwin's evidence for his claims.
Explain specifically how irradiation using the following methods destroys microbes provides an examples(s) of materials that can be sterilized by each of the techniques below.
Early in development, most human cells turn off expression of essential component of telomerase, enzyme responsible for addition of telomere repeat sequences to ends of chromosomes.
Assume that a certain bacterial chromosome has one origin of replication. Under some conditions of rapid cell division, replication could start again from the orgin before the preceding replication cycle is complete.
Why are algae important in nature. Joan and Alex Smith have five daughters who are quite dissimilar in appearance and talents. Examine why this occurs based on the 2 events in meiosis that enhance genetic diversity.
In dogs, dark coat (D) is dominant over albino (d) and short hair (S) is dominant over long hair (s). After crossing dogs with dark and short hair with albino dogs with long hair, in F2 a breeder got 89 dogs with dark and short hair, 31 dark, long..
Describe one way by which plants and Animals work together to ensure the success of their reproduction.
Given an 8.0 volt battery, a 35 ohm resistor and a thirty. ohm resistor, compute the voltage drop across each resistor, and the current flowing through each resistor
Studies have demonstrate that the effect of neuropeptide Y on smooth muscle cells in the uterus is attenuated doing pregancy.
In a protein sequence, which repeated sequence over a twenty amino acid stretch would most likely lead to insertion of a transmembrane domain into a lipid bilayer.
If the cell cannot recover from injury, the damage is irreversible and cell death is the result. Define, compare and contrast the 3 pathognomic signs of cell death.
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