Reference no: EM133323113
Questions
1. Olivia is now grounded and can't go with her friends to the movies this weekend because she broke a house rule. This is an example of:
positive reinforcement.
negative reinforcement.
negative punishment.
positive punishment.
2. Brad just received a ticket in the mail for running a red light. This is an example of:
positive reinforcement.
negative reinforcement.
negative punishment.
positive punishment.
3. Classical and operant conditioning are similar in many ways. Which of the following processes does NOT apply to both types of learning?
involuntary responses to stimuli
extinction
associative learning
discrimination
4. When Jane had leukemia as a child, she had to undergo numerous rounds of chemotherapy. The chemotherapy always made her nauseous. As she went through a year of treatment, the waiting room started to make her nauseous. The chemotherapy is:
the unconditioned stimulus.
the neutral stimulus.
the conditioned stimulus.
the conditioned response.
5. Mark gets an eye exam each year. During each exam, he repeatedly hears a tone just before having a puff of air directed into his eye. Blinking in response to a tone presented without a puff of air is a(n):
unconditioned response (UR).
unconditioned stimulus (US).
conditioned response (CR).
conditioned stimulus (CS).
6. Johnny is "hammering" the nail in with his toy hammer as his father is hammering the deck boards. Johnny's behavior is a clear example of:
modeling.
classical learning.
observational conditioning.
reinforced learning.
7. A _____ is any event or situation that evokes a response.
positive reinforcer
cognitive map
stimulus
model
8. Critics of B. F. Skinner were concerned that:
his research methods were flawed.
he relied too heavily on animals to explain general learning principles.
he dehumanized people because he ignored the existence of personal freedom and dignity.
he ignored the influence of stimulus-response associations.
9. What is the acquisition of mental information by observing events, by watching others, or by means of language?
classical conditioning
cognitive learning
partial reinforcement
shaping
10. What is/are the main form(s) of conditioning?
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
Both classical conditioning and operant conditioning are the main forms.
Neither classical conditioning nor operant conditioning is the main form.
11. Tina is a 7-year-old girl who frequently witnesses her father's anger and physically abusive acts on her mother. Later, when she's in her room playing with her toys, Tina begins to yell at them and hit them for "being so stupid and not having dinner ready." Her behavior is a clear example of:
observational learning.
classical learning.
observational conditioning.
reinforced learning.
12. A 5-year-old girl observes a stranger in a store pretending to discipline a stuffed dog. When the stranger moves to the next aisle, the girl picks up another stuffed animal and does the same thing. Her behavior is similar to the findings in studies conducted by:
Albert Bandura.
B. F. Skinner.
John B. Watson.
Edward Thorndike.
13. Continuously checking to see if the cookies are ready is an example of the _____________ schedule of reinforcement.
fixed-interval
variable-interval
fixed-ratio
variable-ratio
14. Your friend Lindsey became very ill a few hours after eating the fried chicken special in the college cafeteria. Now, she feels queasy whenever she smells fried chicken. According to what you learned from the text, you explain to her that:
since she only experienced one pairing of the fried chicken and illness, her queasy feelings cannot be a classically conditioned response.
she has experienced a learned taste aversion, which can occur after only one pairing of food and illness.
she has been negatively reinforced for eating fried chicken, because consuming it led to an aversive consequence.
latent learning has occurred and she can overcome the queasy feeling by forcing herself to eat fried chicken.
15. _____ studies show that prolonged viewing of televised violence ________ increased rates of violent behavior.
Experimental; inhibits
Correlational; causes
Experimental; is unrelated to
Experimental; causes