Reference no: EM133569760
Questions
1. Referring to human beings as having moral standing implies that ________.
A- morality should be centered on humans and that nonhumans are of peripheral moral concern
B- humans are capable of right and wrong action or of being governed by a sense of right
C- humans have intrinsic value as they are the pinnacle of God's creation
D- humans are owed duties of beneficence, nonmaleficence, and the other moral principles
E- the good of the individual is more important than the good of the society
2. According to the somatic definition of death, ________.
A-an individual is considered to be dead when all integral functions are being maintained by some artificial device
B- an individual is considered to be dead when he loses all motor functions of the body
C- an individual dies when there is irreversible loss of the body's capacity to carry on integrated functioning
D- an individual dies when there is permanent cessation of all functions of the higher-brain
E- an individual loses all moral status only when decomposition starts
3. Brain-oriented death pronouncement is not widely accepted in Asia because ________.
A- it is more expensive to determine death based on brain functioning
B- waiting until brain functions cease renders most of the organs unfit for transplants
C- It increases medical expenses for families of terminally ill persons
D- it involves a greater risk of misdiagnosis of death
E- it contradicts the cultural and religious beliefs of those societies
4. The jurisdiction in New Jersey accepts the somatic definition of death in cases ________.
A- involving individuals who are foreign nationals
B- where the individual's organs will be procured for transplant
C- where the family members object to the use of the whole-brain death concept
D- in cases where an individual has executed a document objecting to the use of the whole-brain death concept
E- involving persons who are in coma or in a vegetative state
5. Consider the case of a patient who is irreversibly unconscious, with most of his brain functions lost and limited reflexes remaining in the brain stem.
According to ________ definition of death, he would be considered to be dead
A-cardiac-based
B-higher-brain-oriented
C-somatic
D- whole-brain oriented
E- clinical
6. Which of the following statements is true of higher-brain-oriented definition of death?
A- In the case of higher-brain-oriented definition of death, it is difficult to identify which brain functions are critical.
B-Higher-brain-oriented definition of death defines death as permanent cessation of functioning of the entire brain.
C-Higher-brain-oriented definition of death is the current law in most jurisdictions of the world.
D-Waiting until higher-brain functions cease makes organs unfit for transplants.
E-Higher-brain-oriented definition of death considers that once a person is dead he or she does not have any moral standing.
7. In the context of the abortion debate, the whole-brain death formulation perspective implies that ________.
A- a fetus has no moral status before the emergence of cardiac function
B- a fetus has the same moral status that is assigned to postnatal humans
C- a fetus does not have any moral status prior to birth, making abortion permissible
D- a fetus has full moral standing when interaction with the environment develops
E- a fetus has moral standing starting from the moment of fertilization
8. Unlike the administration of George W. Bush, the Obama administration has lifted the ban on ________.
A- the use of stem cell lines already in existence for research purposes
B- the use of embryos that were obtained through in vitro fertilization clinics in research
C-the use of stem cells research under the condition that it would lead to accrual of specific benefits to medical knowledge
D- the use of stem cells in research under the condition that they are obtained from a consenting adult
E- the use of government funds for the production of new lines of stem cells for research purposes
9. Which of the following views is endorsed by the utilitarian defense of the moral status of animals?
A- Animals of different species who experience the same kind and quantity of pain have equal moral claim to be relieved of that pain.
B- Human and non-human animals are inherently entitled to the same moral status.
C- Animal rights are subordinate to the rights of humans because animals are incapable of making moral judgments.
D- Animal rights are subordinate to the rights of humans because animals are incapable of making moral judgments.
E- Animal rights are subordinate to the rights of humans because animals are incapable of making moral judgments.
10. Which of the following is an accurate definition of speciesism?
A- treating individuals differently solely on the basis of species
B- treating sentient animals as having the same moral standing as humans
C- treating sentient animals as having the same moral standing as humans
D-the belief that God has a special relation with humans that non-human species are not privy to.
E- the belief that humans, as moral agents, are responsible for the protection of other species.