Reference no: EM133657879
Since Johnny is unable to distinguish between touch on his calf or foot, while retaining the ability to discern touch on his elbow or wrist, we have the right to believe that the part of the spinal cord that the sensory pathways in the lower part of his spinal cord may have been affected. Also, this could indicate damage to the lumbar or sacral regions of the spinal cord, which are responsible for sensory and motor functions of the lower extremities.
Quadriplegia is a paralysis caused by illness or injury that results in the partial or total loss of use of all four limbs and torso. It is a condition that is usually associated with damage to the cervical region of the spinal cord, particularly at levels C1 through C8. The patient will experience loss of motor function, sensation, or both in all four limbs and potentially the torso, depending on the level and completeness of the injury.
Paraplegia is the paralysis of the legs and lower body caused by spinal cord injuries below the first thoracic spinal nerve. This condition is associated with damage to the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral regions of the spinal cord but does not affect the arms. The patient will experience impairments in motor or sensory functions of the lower limbs and also issues with bladder and bowel control, depending on the level of injury.
Hemiplegia is the paralysis of one side of the body, often caused by brain injuries such as stroke, rather than direct injury to the spinal cord. The location of the brain injury determines the side of the body affected. The patient would experience motor and sensory deficits on one side of the body, which could include one arm and one leg, and sometimes one side of the face.
Rogers, B. (2017). Pathophysiology. Neurological system. Acute spinal cord injuries. Medcom Inc.
Saladin, K. S. (2020). Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill Higher Education (US).