Window functions in Design of FIR digital filters Assignment Help

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Window functions We want to take the frequency nature of window functions by themselves. Note that relaying on convenience we may describes the window functions either over - (N-1)/2 ≤ ≤ (N-1)/2 or over 0 ≤ n ≤ (N-1). In the former type the phase method will be zero; in the latter type, used mainly in MATLAB, the phase has a negative tangent slope.

There are normal four types of windows and adjustable windows. Among the fixed windows we have the given tapered windows:

1.   Bartlett (triangular) window

2.   Hann (aka Hanning or von Hann) window

3.   Hamming window

4.   Blackman window

These windows give in a fixed value of ripple in the frequency response of the described filter. The Kaiser window is an adjustable window which gives some control over the ripple.

943_windows function.png

The following MATLAB multiplot provides a graphical relation of the above window functions. Note that all are discrete linear sequence; to create it easy on the eyes some are given as various lines and some as discrete.

 

%Window functions defined over n = -(N-1)/2 to (N-1)/2

N = 31; n = -(N-1)/2: (N-1)/2;

wR = n-n+1; %Rectangular

wBa = 1 - 2* abs(n)/(N-1); %Bartlett

wHn = 0.5 + 0.5 * cos(2*pi*n/(N-1)); %Hamming wHm = 0.54 + 0.46 * cos(2*pi*n/(N-1)); %Hamming

wBl = 0.42 + 0.5 * cos(2*pi*n/(N-1)) + 0.08 * cos(4*pi*n/(N-1)); %Blackman

%Multiplot. All are discrete sequences.

%To make it easy on the eyes some are plotted with continuous lines. plot (n, wR, 'o', n, wBa, 'b', n, wHn, 'k', n, wHm, 'b*', n, wBl, 'k--'); legend ('Rectangular', 'Bartlett', 'Hanning', 'Hamming', 'Blackman'); xlabel('n'), ylabel('w(n)'); grid; title ('Window functions')

 

426_windows function1.png

%Window functions defined over n = -(N-1)/2 to (N-1)/2

N = 31; n = -(N-1)/2: (N-1)/2;

wHn = 0.5 + 0.5 * cos(2*pi*n/(N-1)); %Hanning wHm = 0.54 + 0.46 * cos(2*pi*n/(N-1)); %Hamming

wBl = 0.42 + 0.5 * cos(2*pi*n/(N-1)) + 0.08 * cos(4*pi*n/(N-1)); %Blackman

%

subplot(3, 1, 1), stem(n, wHn); legend ('Hanning');

xlabel('n'), ylabel('w(n)'); grid

subplot(3, 1, 2), stem(n, wHm); legend ('Hamming');

xlabel('n'), ylabel('w(n)'); grid

subplot(3, 1, 3), stem(n, wBl); legend ('Blackman');

xlabel('n'), ylabel('w(n)'); grid

736_windows function2.png

 

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