Wien Bridge Oscillator:

The Wien Bridge oscillator is a standard oscillator circuit for the low to moderate frequencies, in the range 5Hz to about 1MHz. It is basically used in the audio frequency generators.

The Wien Bridge oscillator uses a feedback circuit called a lead lag network as shown in the figure 1.

At very low frequencies, the series capacitor looks open to input signal and there is no output signal. At very high frequencies, the shunt capacitor looks shorted, and there is no output. In between these extremes, output voltage reaches a maximum value. The frequency at which output is maximized is called as resonant frequency. At this frequency, feedback fraction reaches the maximum value of 1/3.

At very low frequencies, phase angle is positive, and the circuit behaves like a lead network. On the other hand, at  very high frequencies, phase angle  is  Figure 1. negative, and the circuit behaves like a lag network. In between, there is a resonant frequency f_r at which the phase angle equals 0°.

Output of the lag lead network is

The gain of the feedback circuit is given by

The phase angle in between V_out and V_in can be given by

These equations shows that the maximum value of gain occurs at XC  = R, and phase angle becomes 0°. This represents resonant frequency of the load lag network. Figure 2, shows the gain and phase versus frequency.

Figure 2

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