What is a servlet
A servlet is a module of Java code that is stored and  run on a web  server. Many modern software systems are  web-based applications - the user  runs  a browser to access a system over the web,  and  the bulk of the code that implements the application runs  on a web  server. Such  applications can  use  Java servlets to implement a wide variety of functions, such as processing data, accessing databases and  constructing complex web pages dynamically for return  to the client.
Servlets  are  written in normal  Java and  so can  make  use  of the full power  of the Java language and  its standard packages. Because they run on a server, whose security environment can  be  defined and  controlled, they are  not subject to the sort of security restrictions that limit the usefulness of standard applets. So, for example, servlets can access databases on the computer that hosts them or on a database server running  on another computer. This is very useful  in implementing the sort of 3-tier system we encountered in Unit 9.
Servlets  also  have  the advantage of separating the user  interface of a web  application (which runs  on the client) from the processing and  database access. This can  make  it easier to change one or the other of these aspects of the system independently. Finally, by carrying  out much  of the processing on a sufficiently powerful  server, the client software can  be  kept  simple  and  responsive - a so-called thin  client. Of course, if the server system is lacking  in resources, this may introduce a bottleneck into the system, with clients waiting a relatively long time for service. The resource capacity of the various elements of a web-based system should be  carefully  designed to minimize this possibility.  Figure 19 shows how a web application, using  servlets, might be configured.

Figure: Web application  with server  running  Java servlets
 
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