Waxes : Waxes are the esters of higher fatty acids with higher monohydric alcohols. The acids and alcohols commonly found in waxes are palmitic, cerotic acid C₂₅H₅₁COOH, melissic acid (C30H61COOH) and cetyl alcohol C₁₆H₃₃OH, ceryl alcohol C₂₆H₅₃OH, myricyl alcohol (C₃₀H₆₁OH), etc.

         Waxes are insoluble in water but are readily soluble in benzene, petroleum, carbon disulphide etc. Waxes on hydrolysis with water yields higher fatty acids and higher monohydric alcohols.

         When hydrolysis is carried with caustic alkalies, soap and higher monohydric alcohols are formed.

         The common waxes are:

         (i) Bees wax, Myricyl palmitate, C₁₅H₃₁COOC₃₀H₆₁

(ii) Spermaceti wax, Cetyl palmitate, C₁₅H₃₁COOC₁₆H₃₃

         (iii) Carnauba wax, Myricyl cerotate, C₂₅H₅₁COOC₃₀H₆₁

         Waxes are needed in the creation of candles, polishes, inks, water proof coating and cosmetic preparations.

         Waxes obtained from plants and animals are different than paraffin wax which is a petroleum product and a mixture of higher hydrocarbons (20 to 30 carbon atoms). So paraffin wax is not an ester.

         Candles are prepared by mixing paraffin wax (90%) with higher fatty acids like stearic and palmitic. The fatty acids are added to paraffin wax as to give strength to candles. The mixture is melted and poured into metal tubes containing streched threads. On cooling candles are obtained.

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