Volumetric analysis: This is a method which involves the quantitative determination of the amount of any substance present in the solution through volume measurements. For analysis the standard solution is needed. (A solution which contains a known weight of solute present in known volume of solution is known as standard solution.)

         To determine strength of the unknown solution with the help of known (standard) solution is generally known as titration. Different types of titrations are possible which are summarized as follows,

        
         (i) Redox titrations: To find out the strength of an oxidising agents or reducing agents by titration with the help of standard solution of the reducing agents or oxidising agents.

         Examples:

         Similarly with H₂C₂O₄

         (ii) Acid-base titrations : To find out the strength of acid or base with the help of standard solution of base or acid.

         Example:  

          and    etc.

(iii) Iodiometric titrations : This is a simple titration involving free iodine. This includes the titration of iodine solution with known sodium thiosulphate solution whose normality is N. Let the volume of sodium thiosulphate is V ml.

         Equivalents of I₂ = Equivalent of Na₂S₂O₃

          Equivalents of I₂ = N * V * 10^-3

         Mass of free  I₂  in the solution   .

         (iv) Iodometric titrations : This is the indirect method for the estimation of the iodine. An oxidising agent is made to react with the excess of solid KI. The oxidising agent oxidises I^- to I₂. This iodine is then made to react with the  Na₂S₂O₃ solution.

         Oxidising Agent

         Let the normality of  Na₂S₂O₃  solution is N and the volume of thiosulphate consumed to V ml.

         Equivalent of A = Equivalent of  I₂ = Equivalents of Na₂S₂O₃

         Equivalents of I₂ liberated from KI = N * V * 10^-3

         Moles of  I₂  liberated from 

         Mass of  liberated from   .

         (v) Precipitation titrations : To determine the anions like    etc, by precipitating with AgNo₃ provides examples of precipitation titrations.

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