Voltage signal
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Analogue voltage signal
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Digital voltage signal
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The signal which represents the continuous variation of voltage with time is known as analogue voltage signal
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The signal which has only two values. i.e. either a constant high value of voltage or zero value is called digital voltage signal
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Binary system:
(i) A number system which has only two characters i.e. 0 (Low value) and 1 (High value) is called as binary system
(ii) The electrical circuit which operates only in these two digits i.e. 1 (On or high) and 0 (i.e. Off or Low) are known as digital circuits.
(iii) Different values for the two states of digital signals:
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State Code
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Name for the State
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1
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On
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Up
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Closed
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Excited
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True
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Pulse
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High
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Yes
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0
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Off
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Down
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Open
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Unexcited
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False
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No pulse
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Low
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No
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(1) In Boolean algebra only two types of state variables (0 and 1) are allowed.
(2) The variables (A, B, C ....) of Boolean algebra are subjected to three operations.
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Operation
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OR
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AND
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NOT
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Represented by
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(+) sign
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(·) sign
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bar over the variables
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Boolean expression
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Y = A + B
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Y = A · B
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Y = 
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Circuit Diagram
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Basic Boolean postulates and laws
(i) Boolean Postulates: 0 + A = A, 1 · A = A, 1 + A = 1, 0 · A = 0, A + = 1
(ii) Identity law: A + A = A, A · A = A
(iii) Negation law: 
(iv) Commutative law: A + B = B + A, A · B = B · A
(v) Associative law: (A+B) + C = A + (B+C), (A · B) · C = A · (B · C)
(vi) Distributive law: A · (B+C) = A · B + A · C
(vii) De Morgan's laws: 
and 
also 
and 
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