Utility of Bronsted - Lowry concept

(i) Bronsted - Lowry concept is not limited to molecules but it also includes even the ionic species to act as acids or bases.

(ii) It can explain the basic character of substances like Na₂CO₃, NH₃ etc.

(iii) It can explain the acid-base reactions in the non-aqueous medium or even in the absence of a solvent (for example between HCl and NH₂).

The limitations of the Bronsted lowry concept are as follows

(i) The protonic definition of it cannot be taken in use to explain the reactions occuring in the non-protonic solvents like COCl₂, SO₂, N₂O₄, etc.

(ii) It cannot be used to explain the reactions between acidic oxides like CO₂, SO_2, SO₃ etc and the basic oxides like CaO, BaO, MgO and many more which take place even in absence of solvent for example

CaO + SO₃  → CaSO₄

There exists no proton transfer in the above stated example.

(iii) Substances such as BF₃, AlCl₃ etc, do not have any hydrogen and thus cannot give a proton but are known to behave as acids.

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