Types of electrode potential : Depending on the nature of the metal electrode to lose or gain electrons, electrode potential can be of two types,
(i) Oxidation potential: When electrode is negatively charged with respect to solution that is it acts as anode. The oxidation takes place.
(ii) Reduction potential: When electrode is positively charged with respect to solution that is it acts as cathode. The reduction takes place.
(4) Standard electrode potential : If in the half cell, metal rod (M) is suspended in the solution of one molar concentration, and the temperature is is at 298 K, electrode potential is known as standard electrode potential, represented usually by E°. or
Standard electrode potential of the metal can be defined as the potential difference in volts developed in a cell consisting of two electrodes, the pure metal in contact with a molar solution of one of its ions and the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE).
(5) Reference electrode or reference half - cells
It is not possible to measure the absolute value of the single electrode potential directly. The difference only in potential between two electrodes can be measured experimentally. It is, thus, necessary to couple the electrode with another electrode whose potential is known. This electrode is called as reference electrode or reference half - cells. Several types of half - cells have been taken in use to make complete cell with spontaneous reaction in forward direction. These half cells have been summarized in the following table,
Table: Various Types of Half - cells
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