Types of Databases:
There are various categories of databases based on their use in an organization. Some of major databases found in organizations are discussed here.
Operational databases
Operational databases store information about the day-to-day operations in an organization. These databases are also known as subject area databases, transaction databases, or production databases. They may store information pertaining to the employees, inventory, customers, etc.
Analytical databases
Analytical databases store information that is extracted from the operational and external databases. They contain information that is vital to the managers and the end users. Analytical databases are also called management databases or information databases. They are also called multidimensional databases as they use multidimensional data structures for organizing data. Online Analytical Processing, Decision Support Systems, and Executive Information Systems use this database.
Hypermedia databases
Hypermedia databases are a repository of homepages and other hyperlinked pages of multimedia. These databases can store text, graphics, photo, video files, etc. The World Wide Web uses hypermedia databases to access HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) files, GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) files, and video files. Refer to Exhibit 8.1 for a note on Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) that are used for accessing hypermedia databases.
Data warehousing
A data warehouse comprises data that is extracted from the operational database. Data is collected and stored in a data warehouse over several years. This data is then edited, standardized, integrated, and updated on a regular basis to enable managerial decision-making. The data is useful for conducting business analysis, market research, and also for decision support.
Distributed databases
A distributed database is a database where the data is not stored at a single physical location but is distributed over many computers. These computers are geographically dispersed and connected by a network or communication link.
Distributed databases can be copies of operational or analytical databases, hypermedia or discussion databases, or any other type of database. These databases are replicated and distributed to enhance the performance and security of the database. It is a challenge for database administrators to consistently and concurrently update the data in various databases.
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