Total probability theorem Assignment Help

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Total probability theorem:

Partition of Sample-Space:

Take a sample space 'S'. Let A1, A2, L An be the

set of the mutually exclusive and exhaustive set of sample space S.

These A1, A2, L, An events are said to partition the

Sample space in to 'n'-parts.

We have 737_Total probability theorem1.png

And 2340_Total probability theorem2.png

        2255_Total probability theorem.png

The total Probability Theorem:

Let 'A' be any event of S. We can write 947_Total probability theorem3.png are mutually exclusive, 

945_Total probability theorem5.png would also be mutually exclusive.

1742_Total probability theorem4.png

This is called as the total probability of the event A.

Remark:

  • P(A/Ai) gives up contribution of Ai in occurrence of A.

Example: One bag has 4 white balls and 3 black balls and a 2nd bag contains 3 white balls and 5 black balls.  One ball is drawn from 1st bag and placed unseen in the 2nd bag.  What is the probability that a ball now drawn from 2nd bag is black ?

Sol:                   Bag - I                                              Bag - II

                          4 w                                        3 w

                          3 B                                        5 B

                          Let A1 be the event that white ball is transferred from bag - I to bag - II and A2 be the event that black ball is transferred from bag - I to bag -II. 

                          P (A1)  =4/7,  P(A2) = 3/7

                          Let 'A' be probability the finally a black ball is drawn from the 2nd bag P(A/A1) = 5/9, P(A/A2)  = 6/9.

                          Now from the total probability theorem we get,

                          P(A)  = P(A1) . P(A/A1) + P(A2) . P(A/A2) = 57_Total probability theorem6.png

 

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