Third Generation Languages:
Initially, machine code and assembly code languages were used to program computers. Programming using these languages was monotonous and was often prone to errors. It was also difficult to comprehend these programs and to make alterations to them. As programming became a lengthy and expensive process, there was a need felt for languages which were easier to write, read, and maintain. This paved the way for the development of high-level languages.
A high-level language eliminates the need for programmers to understand the details of how a computer processes data. This type of language is also called a procedural language because it tells the computer what to do and how to do it. It is also called the third generation programming language (3GL). A high-level language enables programmers to create programs at a higher level of abstraction than machine or assembly languages. The programmer can write instructions using familiar words such as DISPLAY, ADD, PRINT, etc. Here, each line of instruction sums up many lines of assembly or machine codes.
Compared to low-level languages that are more hardware friendly, high-level languages are closer to human languages. These languages provide an instruction set that is similar to English language. They are translated into machine code by a program called the compiler. Examples of high-level programming languages are Ada, Algol, BASIC, COBOL, C, C++, FORTRAN, LISP, Pascal, and Prolog.
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