Thermosetting polymers : These are the polymers which undergo permanent modification on heating. They get hard and infusible on heating. They are usually built from low molecular mass semifluid molecules. When heated they went highly cross linked to form hard infusible and insoluble components. The cross links take the atom in place so that heating does not allow them to move liberally. So a thermosetting plastic is cross linked and is permanently rigid.
Example : Bakelite, melamine formaldehyde resin etc.
- Plasticizers do lower the softening point (so called melting point) of a polymer. A plasticizer may not convert a thermosetting polymer into thermoplastic one. In fact plasticizers can be changed into hard and brittle plastic into soft and simply pliable. Plasticizers decrease the interparticle forces between polymer molecules. Plasticizers are usually high-boiling esters or high-boiling haloalkanes. They are added to plastics to make them soft and rubber-like. As, polyvinyl chloride as such is stiff, glass-like, and hard but the addition of plasticizers like dioctylphthalate (DOP) or dibutylphthalate (DBP) can make it soft and rubber like. Same as, chlorinated paraffin wax (CPW) is used as a plasticizer in polythene. On long revelation to sunlight and air, these plasticizers evaporate and the plastic articles go brittle and hard.
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