The switch case statement in Java:

The if statement is used frequently, but can become unwieldy where a large number of outcomes need to be tested. One case is where a variable takes on one of several different values and different code must be executed depending on the value.

The switch statement makes this 'multiconditional branching' more readable. To use a switch, all cases must depend in the same way on the argument (in terms of logical equality).

The general format of the switch statement is:

switch (argument)

{
case selector:

statements;
break;
case selector: statements; break;
case selector: statements; break;
// as many cases as required case selector:
statements;
break;
default: statements; break;
}

The important points are:

• The argument is an expression of type int, char, short or byte (usually just the name of a variable).
• Each selector is a constant value (usually a literal) compatible with the argument type.
• A code block enclosing the statements in each case is optional but helps to demarcate the code for each case.
• The statements are performed if the case selector is logically equal to the argument ; in other words, if argument == selector.
• The keyword to cause the switch to terminate is the word break. When the word break is encountered, control passes to the statement after the switch statement.
• A default case may be given to indicate processing to take place when no selector is matched.

Failure to use a break statement results in control 'falling through' to the next case, so that other statements are also executed. It is unusual to require this form of processing, so normal practice is to include a break statement at the end of every case.

An example of a switch statement whose argument is of type  char is shown  below:

char control;

// control is assigned a value switch (control)

{

case 'a':

{

videoId = 3;

break;

}

case 'b':

{

videoId = 19; soundId = 12; break;

}

case 'c':

{

videoId = 11; link++; break;

}

}

// after a break, or if no cases match,

// execution resumes here

Here the character variable control determines which statements are to be  executed. If the value of this variable  is the character 'a' then the integer variable videoId is set to 3 and  the break statement transfers control to the end  of the switch statement, effectively  transferring control to the statement following. If the value  of the control variable  is the character 'b', control  is then  passed to the three  statements:

videoId = 19; soundId = 12; break;

After the first two statements have  been executed, the break statement is invoked  and, again, control is passed to the statement following the switch statement. The final part of the switch statement:

videoId = 11; link++; break;

is executed when  the variable  control contains the value  'c'. The break statement again transfers control  to the end  of the switch statement.

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