The security restrictions on applets:

Earlier, we mentioned that there are some restrictions on what applets are normally allowed to do. When these restrictions are in place, the applet is said to be running in the sandbox.This is necessary because applets are downloaded and run from web servers, which may be remote and of unknown trustworthiness, perhaps even by accidentally clicking on a web link. It is usually not possible for the user to prevent an applet from running. If applets had no security restrictions, then a badly written or deliberately malicious applet could do enormous damage on the computer that runs the applet.

The standard restrictions that apply to applets are as follows:

• they cannot read from or write to the local computer's file system;
• they cannot run any other executable programs on the local computer;
• they cannot communicate with any computer other than the server from which the applet was downloaded - this is sometimes explained as 'applets can only phone home';
• they can only find out very limited information about the local computer, such as the version of Java or the operating system in use; 
• if an applet creates a pop-up window, the window displays a special warning message.

These restrictions can be enforced because the applet is run by the browser, and the code executed by the applet is monitored by software known as the Java security manager. It is possible to allow applets more freedom, typically when the applet comes from a known and trusted source, such as an intranet. This lifting of some or all security restrictions is done by a process known as signing the applet - this uses cryptography to identify the origin of the applet. The details of signed applets and security policies are outside the scope of this unit.

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