The if statement in Java:

We are now in a position to return to the subject of the Java flow control structures for conditional processing, also known as selection statements. Selection statements give us ways of specifying the conditions for changing the flow of control in a program. The general form of our first conditional processing statement is shown below:

if (logical_expression)
{
statements;
}

Here, if the logical_expression within the parentheses evaluates to true, then any statements in the following code block are executed. We often refer to the code block as the body of the if statement.

If the logical_expression is false, then any statements in the body of the if statement are not executed.

Two examples of simple if statements are shown below:

if (a == 12)
{
b = 23;
}
if (c > 123)
{
signal = true;
}

• The first statement sets the integer variable b to 23 if the current value of the integer variable a is 12.
• The second statement sets the boolean variable signal to be true if the value of the integer variable c is greater than 123.

An if statement may cover several lines of code, but it is just one statement. As is usual when a statement has a body in curly brackets, there is no semicolon at its end.

It is permitted, syntactically, to omit curly brackets when there is only one statement in the body of the if statement. So we could also have written:

if (a == 12)
b = 23;

if (c > 123)
signal = true;

In this case, each semicolon above terminates a statement. However, it is better style to use curly brackets, to demarcate clearly the body of the if statement.

We can have as many statements as we require in the body of an if statement, written as a code block. For example:

if (a == b)
{
b = 23;
signal = true;
a = 0;
}

Here,the three variables b, signal and a are given values if the integer variable a has the same value as the integer variable b.

We have adopted a style of writing Java programs that includes indentation to indicate the structure of a program. Indentation aids readability of code, but does not affect the way the compiler interprets it.

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