The definition of inheritance in java:

Inheritance is a relationship between classes. We have seen the example of the Robot class - all objects of this class have exactly the same structure for their data (their instance variables) and exactly the same methods that can be invoked. In more complex systems, we often identify a need for various objects that are similar in structure, but not exactly the same. Inheritance gives us a way of documenting this similarity and of using it in the Java implementation. We will start with a broad definition, which we will make more precise in a later unit. When a class B inherits from a class A, then objects of class B are in some sense extended versions of class A objects. They have all the same methods and instance variables as class A objects; they can also have additional methods and instance variables, or can modify the methods they inherit, so that a class B object typically behaves in some ways like a class A object, but in other ways behaves differently.

When a class B inherits methods and variables from a class A, then B is known as the subclass of A and A is known as the superclass of B. There is a standard graphical notation for this, as shown in Figure - the arrow always points from the subclass to the superclass. The diagrammatic notation used here is part of the Unified Modeling Language (or UML for short).

In Java, a class can inherit directly from only one other class: that is, it can have only one immediate superclass. This is not true of all object-oriented languages, but it is a deliberate choice by the Java language designers to avoid some well-known problems that might otherwise arise. On the other hand, a class can have more than one subclass, as shown in diagram. In fact, it can have any number of subclasses.

It is also possible to have more levels of inheritance, as shown in diagram. Subclass B may itself have a subclass, class D. Objects of class D are extended versions of class B objects. They have all the same methods and instance variables as class B objects, including those that B inherited from class A. They can also have additional methods and instance variables, or can modify the methods they inherit.

This form of diagram, which shows the inheritance relationships between classes, is known as a class hierarchy diagram. Class hierarchies are a very powerful way of describing the relationship between classes. This relationship lies at the heart of the use of an object-oriented programming language as a medium for software reuse.

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