The Color class

The Color class (note the spelling) encapsulates RGB colours, where RGB stands for red, green and blue. The RGB values allow us to create a huge range of colours because all colours can be created from a combination of the three primary colours - red, green and blue. The RGB system allows you to define a particular colour by specifying either three integer values between 0 and 255 or three fioating-point numbers in the range of 0.0 to 1.0. The value 255 is used simply to allow each value to be stored as an 8-bit byte. If we choose 0, 0, 0 (or 0.0, 0.0, 0.0) then the colour is black; if we choose 255, 255, 255 (or 1.0, 1.0, 1.0) then the colour is white. The colours are used to define the appearance of text, graphics primitives and graphical user interface components. To create a Color, there are several constructors that are supported, as shown in Table.

So, for example, to create a colour where all three colours are set to 100, we can write the following statement:

Color myColor = new Color(100, 100, 100);

This results in myColor referring to some dark grey colour. However, most of the time there is no need to define colours with such precision and so the Color class defines a number of standard colours for general use. The range of colours is black, blue, cyan, darkGray, gray, green, lightGray, magenta, orange, pink, red, white and yellow. To use one of these predefined colours, for example green, use the following statement:

Color myColor = Color.green;

These predefined colours can be found in the class java.awt.Color. Once you have defined a colour, you can use it in your interface code. For example:

public void paintComponent (Graphics g)
{
Color myColor = Color.green; g.setColor(myColor);

g.fillRect(50, 50, 100, 100);
}

Once a colour has been set, any subsequent operations are performed using this colour. Consequently, it makes sense to group together the operations that require the same colours and fonts in your code in order to avoid switching more than you really need to. When using colour in your interface, remember that Java colour support is not device­ independent, and some colours will look different on a range of client machines.

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