The blocked state:
As we have seen, a general description of a thread in the blocked state is that it is a thread that could run but something is preventing it from doing so. While it is in the blocked state it is not allocated any CPU time. It could be blocked because:
- it is waiting for an I/O process to complete;
- some other part of the program has not completed its processing;
- it is not being given access to some shared data.
The last reason is the most interesting from the programmer's point of view, as it is usually something that a programmer can deal with if they are aware that it is occurring.
We saw the problems that can occur when many threads try to work on common data objects. This problem was solved by the use of the synchronized modifier. This allowed only one thread at a time to access an object via a synchronized method and we saw how the current thread obtained a lock for that object. The lock was released when the thread had completed its processing and then access (or the lock) was available to another thread. In many cases this is an acceptable situation. However, sometimes it is not and there can be very significant consequences. As an illustration we shall look at a situation where problems can arise if we rely simply on synchronization. We will look at the case of a circular buffer. Although it is a little abstract, it is a fairly simple problem that brings out a number of very important points.
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