Switching Techniques:
The various ways in which data can be transmitted over a network are called switching techniques. Following are the three switching techniques used for building networks:
Circuit switching
Circuit switching refers to a process in which a switch opens a circuit to establish a link between a sender and a receiver. The link remains open until the communication session is completed. A regular landline telephone service works on circuit switching.
Message switching
In message switching, data is routed or transmitted one by one, from one switching device to another. This technique is also known as the store-and-forward technique as the message to be transmitted is stored temporarily and then sent to its destination at a later stage. The message switching technique allows the routing of messages over the networks that are not accessible at all times.
Packet switching
The technique of packet switching is similar to the message switching technique. Packet switching uses short messages. A message that exceeds the maximum length stipulated by the network is broken down or subdivided into fixed or variable groups called packets. These packets are then individually transmitted through the network to their destinations. For example, the X.25 protocol has packets which are 128 characters long, while they are of variable length in the frame relay technology. Frame relay packet switching protocol is often used by large companies for their WANs. Frame relay handles the heavy telecommunication traffic of interconnected LANs within a company's WAN.
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