Structure of Nucleic Acids : The sequence of bases along the DNA and RNA chain establishes its primary structure which controls the specific properties of the nucleic acid. An RNA molecule is generally a single chain of ribose-containing nucleotides. DNA particle is a highly and long complex, double helix, ladder, spirally twisted like structure. The two polynucleotide chains or strands are linked up by hydrogen bonding between the nitrogenous base molecules of their nucleotide monomers. Adenine (purine) always links with thymine (pyrimidine) with the help of two hydrogen bonds and guanine (purine) with cytosine (pyrimidine) with the help of three hydrogen bonds. Hence, the two threads expand in reverse directions, i.e., are complimentary and antiparallel. The given fundamental relationship exists.
- Thymine combines only with deoxyribose sugar and uracil only with ribose sugar. Other bases may mixture with either of the two sugars.
· The addition of purines equals to the sum of pyrimidines.
· The molar proportion of adenine same to that of thymine.
· The molar proportion of guanine same to that of cytosine
2. The double helix is 20 Å. It completes a spiral at every 10 nucleotide pairs at a length of 34 Å. Sequences of monomers (nucleotides) may present innumerable variations. Obviously, innumerable varities of DNA exist in the organism.
3. Watson, Witkins and Crick were awarded Noble prize in 1962 for suggesting the structure of DNA.
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