Steric effect
On account of the presence of bulkier groups at the reaction centre, they creates problem as mechanical interference and with the result the attacking reagent finds it difficult to reach the reaction site and thus slows down the reaction. This process is known as steric hinderance or steric effect.
(1) Tertiary alkyl halides having bulky sets form tertiary carbocation readily when hydrolysed because of the presence of the three bulky groups on the carbon having halogen.
(2) Primary alkyl halide having quaternary -carbon does not form transition state because of the steric strain around -carbon by the -carbon. To free the strain it changes into carbocation.
(3) Steric strain inhibits the resonance. This process is called as steric inhibitions of resonance.
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