Statements and scope:
A statement is a unit of executable code, usually terminated by a semicolon.
Statements can be written to occupy one line of code, but the physical layout of code is not significant, and it is possible to have a single statement that extends over several lines of code.
Groups of statements in Java can be treated as a code block by enclosing them in curly brackets. For example, the code fragment:
{
int i;
int j = 24;
i = j;
}
is an example of a code block consisting of three statements. The statements in a block are executed in order from top to bottom. A code block enables a set of statements to be treated as a single statement. Variables declared inside a code block are valid only inside the brackets. We say that the variables' scope is the region enclosed by the brackets and we call them local variables. For example, i and j above are local variables and are valid only within the curly brackets.
You can nest code blocks, as shown below:
{
int k; // k valid from here
{
// k is valid, so this is okay
int j = k;
// j valid until next closing curly bracket
}
// j no longer valid, k still valid
}
Here variable k's scope includes the inner curly brackets.
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