Stability of Operating Point
Consider the three operating points of transistor operating in the common emitter amplifier.
1. Near cut off region
2. Near saturation region
3. In the middle of active region
If operating point is selected near cutoff region, the output is clipped in the negative half cycle as shown in the figure 1.
Figure 1
If operating point is selected near the saturation region, then output is clipped in positive cycle as shown in the figure 2.
Fig. 2 Fig. 3
If operating point is selected in middle of the active region, then there is no clipping and the output follows input as shown in the figure 3. If the input is large then clipping at both sides will take place. First circuit for biasing the transistor is CE configuration is fixed bias.
In the biasing circuit shown in the figure 4(a), 2 different power supplies are needed. To avoid the use of 2 supplies the base resistance RB is connected to VCC as shown in the figure 4(b).
Figure 4(a) Figure 4(b)
VCC is still the forward biasing emitter diode. In this circuit Q point is quite unstable. The base resistance RB can be selected by noting the needed base current IB for the operating point Q.
IB = (VCC - VBE ) / RB
Voltage across base emitter junction is nearly 0.7 V. As VCC is usually quite high i.e. IB = VCC/ RB
As IB is constant therefore it is called as fixed bias circuit.
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