Solubility product

In a saturated solution of the sparingly soluble electrolyte the two equilibrium exist and can be represented as shown in the equation stated below,                                                  

Implying the law of mass action, 

Since the solution is saturated, concentration of the unionised molecules of the electrolyte is constant at a particular temperature, that is

  constant.

Hence,    (constant)

K_sp is termed as the solubility product. It can be defined as product of the concentration of ions in the saturated solution of an electrolyte at the given temperature.

Consider, in general, the electrolyte of the type A_xB_y which can be dissociated as, 

Applying law of mass action, 

When the solution is saturated,  [A_xB_y] = K^' (constant) or 

 (constant)

Therefore, solubility product can be defined as the product of concentrations of the ions raised to a power equal to the number of times the ions occur in the equation representing the dissociation of the electrolyte at a given temperature when the solution is saturated.

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