SNMP
A big network can often get into various type of trouble due to routers (dropping too a lot of packets), hosts( going down) etc. One has to keep track of all these occurrence and adapt to these situations. A protocol has been defined. Beneath this scheme all entities in the network belong to four classes:
1. Managed Nodes
2. Management Stations
3. Management Information (called Object)
4. A management protocol
The managed nodes could be hosts, routers, bridges, printers or can be any other device capable of communicating status information to others. To be managed directly by SNMP, a node have to be capable of running am SNMP management process known as SNMP agent. Network management is done by management stations by exchanging information with the nodes. These are essentially general purpose computers running special management software. Here,the management stations polls the stations from time to time. Since SNMP uses unreliable service of UDP the polling is essential to keep in touch with the nodes. Regularly the nodes send a trap message indicating that it is going to go down. The management stations then from time to time checks (with an increased frequency) . This kind of polling is called trap directed polling. Often a set of nodes are represented by a single node which communicates with the management stations. This sort of node is called proxy agent. The proxy agent could also serve as a security arrangement.
All the variables in these schemes are called Objects. Every variable can be referenced by a specific addressing scheme adopted by this system. The total collection of all objects is called Management Information Base (MIB). The addressing is hierarchical.
Internet is addressed as 1.3.61. All the objects beneath this domain has this string at the beginning. The informations must be exchanged in a standard and vendor-neutral way . All the data are represented in Abstract Syntax Notation 1 (ASN.1). It is like to XDR as in RPC but it have widely diverse representation scheme. A piece of it actually adopted in SNMP and modified to form Structure of Information Base. The Protocol specifies various types of messages that could be exchanged among the managed nodes and the management station.
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Message
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Description
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1. Get_Request
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Request the value for a variable
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2. Get_Response
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Returns the value of the variable asked for
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3. Get_Next_Request
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Request a variable next to the previous one
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4. Set_Request
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Set the value of an Object.
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5. Trap
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Agent to manager Trap report
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6. Get_bulk_request
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Request a set of variable of same type
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7. Inform_Request
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Exchange of MIB among Management stations
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The last 2 options have been actually added in the SNMPv2. The 4th option needs some type of authentication from the management station.
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