The Signal Diode
The semiconductor Signal Diode is small non-linear semiconductor devices commonly used in electronic circuits, where the small currents or high frequencies are involved like in television, radio, and the digital logic circuits. The signal diode which is also known by its older name sometimes, of the Glass Passivated Diode or the Point Contact Diode, are physically quite small in size compared to their larger Power Diode cousins.
Usually, the PN junction of a small signal diode is encapsulated in the glass to protect PN junction, and generally have a red or black band at one end of the body to help identify which end is cathode terminal. The most extensively used of all the glass encapsulated signal diodes is the quite common 1N4148 and its equivalent 1N914 signal diode. Small signal and switching diodes have lower power and current ratings, around 150mA, 500mW maximum compared to the rectifier diodes, but they can function much better in high frequency applications or in the clipping and switching applications which deal with the short-duration pulse waveforms.
The characteristics of the signal point contact diode are different for germanium and silicon types both and are given as:
- The Germanium Signal Diodes - These posses a low reverse resistance value giving the lower forward volt drop across the junction, typically only around 0.2-0.3v, but have a higher forward resistance value due to their small junction area.
- The Silicon Signal Diodes - These have a quite high value of reverse resistance and give a forward volt drop of around 0.6-0.7v across the junction. They have low values of forward resistance providing them high peak values of the forward current and reverse voltage.
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