Second Generation Languages:
An assembly language is like a machine language except that instead of numbers, it uses names. It is also called the second generation programming language (2GL). Assembly language allows programmers to use brief abbreviations for program instructions and base-10 (decimal) numbers. These abbreviations are called mnemonics. For example, COMPARE x, y, is a mnemonic that tells the processor to compare the data stored in locations x and y.
Assembly language is also called symbolic language. A program written in symbolic language (uses symbols instead of numbers) is called an assembly code. An assembler translates assembly code into a machine code. A symbolic program written by a programmer in assembly language is called a source code. The source code is translated into a machine code called object code. Figure illustrates the process of translation.
Assembly language is used especially for writing short programs.
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