Searle's apparatus is two identical wires, a meter scale, a screw gauge, a dead weight, hanger and slotted weights are used for this purpose.
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Searle's apparatus consists of two metallic frames suspended from a rigid support with the help of experimental line, and compensating line. The slotted volumes may be slipped to the hanger so as to load the experimental wire to a desired quantity. In order to keep the compensating line tight, a constant weight i.e. dead weight is used. A spirit level is mounted between two objects. Its one end rests on the tip of the screw of the spherometer. When the end of the spherometer is moved, it goes against a vertical scale graduated in mm. To search Young's modulus, the bubble in the spirit level is brought exactly at its origin. By slipping the slotted volumes remain at the origin of the spirit level. So the spherometer screw is gone upward. The displacement through which the screw has to be gone, is noticed which provides the extension in the line. Let L be size of length and r, the radius of the line, then Young's modulus of the metal of line.
(a) To calculate radius of the experimental wire:
Zero error (if any) of the screw gauge= Z
Zero correction of the screw gauge, c = -Z
Mean observed diameter of the wire = D'
Corrected diameter of the wire = D= D' + c
Mean corrected diameter of the wire = D cm
Mean radius of the wire =D/2 cm
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(b) To determine the maximum load to be applied:
Breaking weight for the experimental line wire =breaking stress ×πr2
Maximum load to be applied = 1/3 × breaking stress
(c) To measure extension in the wire:
Pitch of the spherometer = ......cm
Least count of the spherometer = ......cm
Load attached to the hanger, M = ......kgf
Spherometer reading, when the wire is loaded = X
Spherometer reading, when the wire is unloaded = y
Mean spherometer reading = R = x+y/2cm
Extension = l cm
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