Schmitt trigger

The effect of using a Schmitt trigger (B) instead of a comparator (A).

In  electronics, a Schmitt trigger is a  comparator circuit which incorporates  positive feedback. In non-inverting configuration, when input is higher than a certain chosen threshold, the output is high; when input is below a different chosen threshold, the output is low; when the input is between the 2, the output retains its value. The trigger is so named as the output retains its value until the input changes enough to trigger a change. This dual threshold action is called as  hysteresis, and implies that the Schmitt trigger has some  memory. Actually the Schmitt trigger is a  bistable multivibrator.

Schmitt trigger devices are typically used in the  open loop configurations for noise immunity and closed loop positive feedback configurations to implement the  multivibrators.

Invention

The Schmitt trigger was invented by  US scientist  Otto H. Schmitt in 1934 while he was still a graduate student, later described in his doctoral dissertation (1937) as a "thermionic trigger". It was a direct result of Schmitt's study of the neural impulse propagation in  squid nerves.

Symbol

The symbol for the Schmitt triggers in circuit  diagrams is a triangle with the inverting or non- inverting  hysteresis symbol. The symbol shows the corresponding ideal hysteresis curve.

Standard Schmitt trigger

Inverting Schmitt trigger

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