Resistor

To describe the resistance of a resistor and its characteristics, it is significant to define the Ohm's law.

Ohm's Law

It is the law used in the circuit analysis. It gives a simple formula illustrating the voltage-current relationship in the conducting material.

Statement

The voltage or potential difference across conducting material is proportional to current flowing through the material.

Mathematically

 

here the constant of proportionality R is called as resistance or electrical resistance, measured in Ω ohms. Graphically, the V - I relationship for the resistor according to Ohm's law is shown in Figure drawn below

Graph--V - I relationship for the resistor in accordance to Ohm's law. At any given point in above graph, ratio of voltage to the current is constant.

Example

Find out the value of R if the voltage V and current I in the given Figure are equal to 10 V and 5 A respectively.

V =10V, I =5A, R =?

By using Ohm's law

 

 

A short circuit between 2 points represents a 0 resistance while the open circuit corresponds to an in?nite resistance as demonstrated in Figure drawn below.

 
Figure----Short circuit and open circuit resistance characteristics.

By using Ohm's law,

when R = 0 (for short circuit), V =0V

when R =∞ (for open circuit), I =0A

Conductance

Conductance G is exact opposite of resistance. In mathematical terms, we can express it as

 

here G is measured in the unit siemens (S) and at times represented by the unit mho upside-down omega)

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