Resistivity
Electrical Resistance of the electrical or electronic component or device is usually defined as being the ratio of voltage difference across it to the current flowing through it, basic Ohm´s Law principals. The difficulty with using resistance as a measurement is that it depends much on the physical size of material being measured as well as the material out of which it is made. For instance, if we were to increase the length of a material (making it longer) the resistance of it would also increase. Similarly, if we increased its diameter (making it fatter) the resistance of it would then decrease. So we want to be able to define the material in such that as to indicate its ability to either conduct or oppose flow of the electrical current through it does not matter what the size or shape of it happens to be. The quantity which is used to indicate this specific resistance is known as Resistivity and is given Greek symbol of ρ, (Rho). Resistivity is measured in the Ohm-metres, ( Ω-m ) and is the inverse of the conductivity.
If resistivity of the various materials is compared, they can be classified into three main groups, Insulators, Conductors, and Semi-conductors as shown below.
Resistivity Chart
Notice also that there is a small margin between the resistivity of conductors like silver and gold, compared to a much larger margin for resistivity of the insulators between the glass and quartz. The resistivity of all materials at any one time also depends upon the temperature.
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