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This is an apparatus used to show the process of interference and also need to calculate velocity of sound in air. This is build up of two U-tube A and B as given in figure. Here the tube B can slide in and out from the tube A. There are to opening P and Q in the tube A. At opening P, a tuning fork or a sound source of given frequency n0 is presented and at the other opening a detector is placed to check the resultant sound of interference happened due to superposition of two sound waves coming from the tubes A and B.
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Initially tube B is adjusted so that detector checks a maximum. At this instant if length of ways covered by the two rays from P and Q from the side of A and side of B are l1 and l2 respectively then for constructive interference we have
... (i)
If now tube B is further gone out by a distance x so that next maximum is found and the length of path from the side of B is l2′ then we have
... (ii)
where x is the displacement of the tube. For next constructive interference of sound at that position Q, we have
... (iii)
From equation (i), (ii) and (iii) we get,
Thus by experiment we receive the wavelength of sound as for two successive positions of constructive interference, the path difference have to be λ. As the tube B is gone out by x, this produces a path difference 2x in the path of sound wave through tube B. If the frequency of the source is called, n0, the speed of sound in the air filled in tube may be provides as v = no -λ =2nox (because λ = 2x)
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