Purification of colloidal solution
The below stated methods are usually used for the purification of the colloidal solutions.
(1) Dialysis
(i) The process of separating the particles of colloid from those of crystalloid, by the help of diffusion through a suitable membrane is called dialysis.
(ii) The principle of it is based upon the fact that the colloidal particles cannot pass through a parchment or cellophane membrane while the ions of the electrolyte can pass through it.
(iii) The impurities slowly start diffusing out of the bag leaving behind pure colloidal solution
(iv) The distilled water is changed regularly to avoid accumulation of the crystalloids otherwise they may start diffusing back into the bag.
(v) Dialysis process can be used for removing HCl from the ferric hydroxide sol.
(2) Electrodialysis
(i) The normal process of dialysis is slow.
(ii) To increase the process of purification, the dialysis is performed by applying electric field. This process is called as electrodialysis.
(iii) The essential application of electrodialysis process in the artificial kidney machine used for the purification of blood of the patients whose kidneys have failed to work. The artificial kidney machine works on principle of the dialysis.
(3) Ultra - filtration
(i) Solution particles directly pass through ordinary filter paper because their pores are larger (more than or ) than the size of sol particles (less than 200 mμ).
(ii) If the pores of the ordinary filter paper are made smaller by soaking the filter paper in a solution of gelatin of colloidion and subsequently hardened by soaking in the formaldehyde, treated filter paper might retain colloidal particles and permit the true solution particles to escape. This type of filter paper is known as ultra - filter and the process of separating colloids by using ultra - filters is known as ultra - filtration.
(4) Ultra - centrifugation
(i) The sol particles are prevented from setting out under the action of gravity by kinetic impacts of molecules of the medium.
(ii) The setting force can be enhanced by using high speed centrifugal machines having 15,000 or further revolutions per minute. This type of machines are called as ultra-centrifuges.
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