Properties of Nitrophenol : o-Nitrophenol is a yellow coloured crystalline compound, while m- and p-isomers are colourless crystalline compounds.
The lowest melting point of o-isomer is because of intramolecular hydrogen bonding whereas meta and para isomers possess intermolecular hydrogen bonding and thus, they have higher melting points.
They are stronger acids than phenol. The order is :
p-isomer > o-isomer > m-isomer > phenol
When reduced, they form corresponding p-Nitrophenols and aminophenols. o- react with bromine water to form 2, 4, 6-tribromophenol by transfer of nitro group.
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