Principles of EAI:

The successful implementation of EAI is possible if the organization follows certain principles. These principles are:

Alignment of plans to strategy: The implementation of end-to-end integrated solutions can be successful only when there is a basic alignment between business plans and technology. Models like the Capability Maturity Model can be used to establish an overall target for the organization and to keep various businesses and the IT organization in alignment as they move toward the target.

• Consolidation should precede integration: In today's organizations, there are several fragmented and overlapping systems because different parts of the company have built their own systems. Integration only puts in overheads and additional layers of complexity and therefore should be done only when required. The first step should always be to consolidate disparate systems that perform similar functions.
• Enforcement of EAI architecture: A multi-tiered, non-redundant (meaning the total set of functions involved in the end-to-end integrated solution provided by distinct layers, each providing unique and non-overlapping services), coarse-grained architecture should be defined and enforced across the enterprise.
• Integration requirements for new applications: The requirements of an application are spelt out by the end users or application owners. The focus is generally on maximizing the application's utility within the defined domain. In most cases, integration is a late addition. This escalates integration costs over the life of the application. Therefore, essential and non-functional requirements should be added to the functional requirements. This will help reduce the cost of end-to-end solutions.
• Early and regular testing: By testing early and regularly, building executable models will become cheaper. Testing can be done by using simulation. Simulators are close enough to real-world processes and systems to provide meaningful information with a reasonable ability to predict outcomes.
• Common representation of data and process: The common representation of data and process is essential because it will enable the application to become - accessible to all within the enterprise, generic (to be decoupled from any application), and robust (to represent an application's data and process information). This will facilitate communication between the various applications, which, in turn, will greatly increase the ease of the systems' interoperability and understanding.
• Re-factoring interfaces: A stable interface is the key to sustaining quality integration, yet there's no stability in applications, protocols, standards, or technology. We can resolve this issue by repeatedly re-factoring the interface software as an organization adopts new technology.
• Evolving business practices through experimentation: A certain amount of analysis and planning is essential, but the only way to truly identify the best end-to-end process is through trial and error. Process experimentation and a scientific comparison of competing solutions are the keys to success.

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