Method of preparation
(i) From urine : Urine is treated with conc. nitric acid where crystals of urea nitrate CO(NH2)2.HNO3 are obtained.
(ii) Laboratory preparation
(a) Wohler synthesis
q The solid residue is extracted with alcohol and the extract evaporated when the crystals of urea are obtained. It can be recrystalised from water.
(b) From phosgene or alkyl carbonate
(iii) Industrial method
(a) By partial hydrolysis of calcium cyanide
The cyanamide is treated with dilute sulphuric acid at 40o C where partial hydrolysis occurs with the formation of urea.
(b) From carbon dioxide and ammonia
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