Methods of preparation of  α -amino acids

(i) Amination of  α -halo acids

Lab preparation of glycine

         The ammonium salt so found is boiled with copper carbonate and cooled when blue colour needles of copper salt of glycine are obtained.

It is now dissolved in water and H₂S is passed till whole of the copper precipitates as copper sulphide leaving glycine as the aqueous solution.

(ii) Gabriel pthalimide synthesis

(iii) Knoop synthesis     

(iv) Streker synthesis

(v) From natural protein : Natural proteins are hydrolysed with dil. HCl or H₂SO₄ at 250°C in an autoclave when a mixture of α-amino acids is obtained. This mixture is esterified and the various esters are separated by fractional distillation. The esters are then hydrolysed into respective  α -amino acids.

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