Manganese containing compound

Potassium Permanganate, (KMnO₄)

         Potassium permanganate is a salt of an unstable acid HMnO₄ (permanganic acid). The Mn is an +7 state in this compound.

         Preparation : Potassium permanganate is obtained from pyrolusite as follows.

   The conversion of pyrolusite to potassium manganate : When the manganese dioxide is fused with potassium hydroxide in presence of air or an oxidising agent like potassium nitrate or chlorate, potassium manganate is formed, possibly by the help of potassium manganite.

         The oxidation of potassium manganate to potassium permanganate : The potassium manganate so obtained is oxidised to potassium permanganate by either of the following methods.

         By chemical method : The fused dark-green mass is extracted with a small quantity of water. Filtrate is warmed and treated with current of the ozone, chlorine or carbon dioxide. Potassium manganate gets oxidised to potassium permanganate and the hydrated manganese dioxide precipitates out. The reactions taking place are shown as follows,

When CO₂ is passed

When chlorine or ozone is passed

Purple solution obtained by this is concentrated and dark purple, needle-like crystals having metallic lustre are obtained.

Electrolytic method : Presently, potassium manganate (K₂MnO₄) is oxidised electrolytically. The reactions at electrode are,

Purple solution containing the KMnO₄ is evaporated under the controlled condition to obtain crystalline sample of potassium permanganate.

Physical properties

KMnO₄ crystallizes as the dark purple crystals with greenish luster (melting point 523 K).

It is soluble in water to an extent of 6.5grams per 100grams at room temperature. The aqueous solution of the KMnO₄ has purple colour.

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